10/06/2026
Most people think about retirement in three broad phases: the go-go years, the slow-go years, and the no-go years, but that framing misses a lot of what actually matters for tax planning. A more useful way to think about it breaks retirement into six distinct stages, each with its own opportunities. Early retirement, before you can touch retirement accounts penalty free, is often prime time for Roth conversions and keeping income low enough to maximize ACA subsidies. Once Medicare eligibility kicks in, the focus shifts to managing IRMAA surcharges. Once required minimum distributions begin, the math changes again, and for surviving spouses, moving from joint to single tax brackets can create a real jump in taxes almost overnight. Understanding which stage you're heading into next, and planning a year or two ahead of it, tends to make a meaningful difference in how much of your nest egg actually stays yours.