FINSalliance

Is the US financial system leaning too heavily on debt?

The latest FT Unhedged looks at the massive spike in leverage, from a $3 trillion daily repo market to record-high hedge fund borrowing. With the Fed balancing rate cuts against potential inflation risks, the big question is: are we looking at a "slow hiss" or a "loud pop" for the current market bubble?

Quick Definitions:

What is Repo?
Short-term loans using Treasuries as collateral.
Common Users:Banks, primary dealers, and the Fed

What is a Spike in Leverage?A sharp increase in using borrowed money to invest.

What is Hedge Fund Borrowing?
Using debt to make larger trades than their own cash allows.
Common Users: Professional money managers and institutional investors.

Deep Dive: What is a Margin Call?
A margin call is the "danger zone" of borrowing. When a fund borrows money to buy stocks, they must keep a certain amount of their own cash in the account as a safety net. If the market drops and the value of those stocks falls, the lender (usually a big bank) demands that the fund immediately deposit more cash to cover the loss.

If the fund doesn't have the cash, the lender "forces" them to sell their stocks immediately, at any price, to pay back the loan. When many large funds get "margin called" at the same time, it creates a waterfall of selling that can crash the market, hitting your 401(k) and savings even if you never borrowed a dime.

Conclusion: The Bottom Line.
The financial system is currently "wound tight" by record-breaking debt levels. While this leverage helps fuel the current market rally, it leaves the economy vulnerable. The article concludes that between massive government spending and high private debt, the Federal Reserve is in a difficult spot: if they stop providing liquidity or if inflation forces them to hike rates, the highly leveraged "house of cards" could face a painful correction.

Read the full analysis here: https://www.ft.com/content/c6b62ac1-461b-441f-8540-66570ba4d7d1

FINSalliance
WE Global Women Community

Error

Financial markets and banking sectors are evolving rapidly, with regulatory changes, emerging risks, and digital transformation shaping the landscape. Staying ahead requires more than information; it requires actionable insight.

FINS Alliance provides organizations with the expertise to turn market intelligence into a strategic advantage, helping you navigate complex financial and regulatory environments.

We partner with you to develop bespoke:
Risk Strategies
Revenue Strategies
Risk Mitigation Plans
Risk Frameworks

We invite you to explore this update and enjoy a comprehensive view of the current financial landscape. We welcome your views and comments on the trends and developments highlighted.

To read from the link in the Update.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18W_T5D0cLb_q-92XU1Ex6lOCXAkF-V8Q/view?usp=drivesdk

FINSalliance

Generative AI is transforming industries, yet its environmental footprint is growing rapidly. Training and running large models like GPT-4 require massive computational power and, in turn, vast amounts of water to cool data centers. Estimates show AI’s water consumption could reach 6.6 billion cubic meters by 2027.

Our latest Monthly Insight, “Generative AI and Water: Balancing Innovation with Sustainability,” explores the hidden water costs of AI systems and the urgent need for responsible, transparent, and climate-conscious innovation.

The key message: Technological progress must go hand in hand with environmental responsibility. Balancing innovation with sustainability is essential to ensure AI’s growth doesn’t come at the cost of our planet’s most precious resource.

FINSalliance WE Global Women Community

FINSalliance is delighted to announce that Selima Allen Hossain has joined as a Senior Consultant.

Allen is a seasoned entrepreneurship and development specialist with over two decades of experience in training, project management, and startup ecosystem development. She has worked extensively with both international and national organizations, playing a pivotal role in strengthening business support systems and nurturing entrepreneurship through mentoring and coaching SMEs and startups across Bangladesh.

A defining highlight of her career was leading Bangladesh’s first-ever National Demo Day, a groundbreaking government initiative conducted across all seven divisions, which brought together local and global startup stakeholders to showcase the nation’s growing innovation ecosystem.

Allen has a strong presence in Bangladesh’s startup and social enterprise landscape, having held key leadership positions such as Country Manager for Tetra Tech Spring and Seedstars Ambassador for Bangladesh. With formal training in Human-Centered Design Thinking, she brings expertise in strategic planning, pitch deck development, curriculum design, and business training.
Her work spans designing and executing incubation and mentoring programs, conducting SME and startup needs assessments, leading boot camps, and moderating pitch events.

She has collaborated with a wide range of organizations, including the Government of Bangladesh, World Bank, UNDP, DFID, UKAid, USAID, IFC Dhaka, UNICEF Bangladesh, BRAC, Oxfam Netherlands, British Council, WaterAid, and a2i. Notably, Allen contributed to the World Bank’s first Climate Diagnostics project in Bangladesh and led a women-in-tech initiative across South Asia with Digital Frontiers and USAID, focusing on gender equality, youth empowerment, and climate resilience.

Currently, Allen serves as the Director of Programs & Partnerships at Alokito Kori, an Executive Committee Member at WE Global Women Community , and the Chairperson of Panorama Management Advisory Services Limited.

In these roles, she oversees program implementation, strategic partnerships, and stakeholder engagement. Under her leadership, Alokito Kori is designing impactful community-driven programs that advance climate justice and align with both national and global sustainability goals.

Her deep expertise in climate policy, environmental sustainability, and project management uniquely positions her to foster collaboration across the development and research sectors.

We are very pleased to welcome Allen to FINS Alliance. With her extensive experience, visionary leadership, and proven commitment to driving innovation and impact, we are confident that she will play a vital role in advancing our mission and supporting the growth of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Bangladesh and beyond.

Mobile money has expanded at an unprecedented pace, yet a large share of accounts remain dormant. In Bangladesh, for example, 238.7M accounts were registered in 2024, but only 88.9M were active over a 90-day period.

Our latest Monthly Insight, “Bridging Access and Meaningful Use in Financial Inclusion: Measuring Impact Beyond Reach,” examines this usage gap and what it reveals about financial inclusion.

The key message: Expanding access alone is not enough. True progress requires measuring and fostering meaningful, sustained use.
FINSalliance WE Global Women Community

Resilience Meets Strategy: Launching a Transformational Coaching Partnership.

We are thrilled to announce a unique collaboration between FINSalliance and https://www.facebook.com/DLeader.bd

Click here to join the event.
https://www.facebook.com/share/18rHvoCFyy/

✅Bringing together two complementary coaching disciplines:

🎯Risk Coaching & Advisory
and
💲Business & Leadership Coaching, through the expertise of Shahnaz Sultana and Sabnam Mostari

✅In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, the ability to lead with purpose while managing uncertainty is no longer optional; it is essential.

🌎This collaboration offers a comprehensive coaching and mentoring experience that equips leaders, entrepreneurs, and organizations to thrive with both confidence and conscience.

✅Business & Leadership Coaching by Sabnam Mostari

Bangladesh’s first female triple-accredited leadership coach, Sabnam, brings over 15 years of experience and 2,700+ coaching hours. She empowers founders and executives to clarify vision, build ethical leadership capabilities, develop sustainable strategies, and navigate growth with confidence. Her approach is rooted in dignity, ethics, and long-term impact.

✅Risk Coaching & Advisory by Shahnaz Sultana, Chief Consultant and CEO of FINS Alliance, brings 28+ years of international banking and risk management experience. She has developed pioneering risk solutions, led the inaugural Green Banking Summit for Bankers in Bangladesh, and led other ESG initiatives. Throughout her career, she guided organizations in governance, compliance, financial crime prevention, and operational resilience.

She is the Founder of WE Global Women Community, fostering women’s leadership in banking and finance.

✅Why This Partnership Works?

By combining leadership development with risk and governance expertise.

➡️Building resilient organizations with strong governance foundations

➡️Strengthening leadership aligned with strategy, values, and ethics

➡️Equipping leaders with foresight, tools, and confidence to navigate complexity

✅Our Promise

We do not just guide businesses, we transform leaders, embed resilience, and amplify impact.

This program uses creative learning approaches, real-life case studies, and practical frameworks to help participants detect early warning signals, strengthen governance, and act decisively.

✅Virtual Launching Ceremony: Leadership in Risk and Governance

Date: Tomorrow, Saturday 6th September 2025, at 7:30 pm Dhaka time.

📌The launching event will be available on Zoom + Live on FB and LinkedIn.

✅Join us as we explore Leadership, Risk, and Governance in Today’s World.

Whether you are an emerging entrepreneur, a mid-career professional, or a seasoned executive, this coaching experience is designed to empower you at every stage of your journey.

Let’s lead with purpose, resilience, and foresight, and create organizations that thrive sustainably.
https://dleader.org/
https://finsalliance.org/
https://www.facebook.com/share/p/17AVM1WCrZ/

We invite you all to our virtual launching ceremony of our DLeader's new collaboration with FINSALLIANCE Risk Advisory and Consultancy.

We are bringing an innovative Leadership development coaching & Mentoring, and consultancy program for risk management and good corporate governance in Bangladesh on 6th September 2025.

Program title: Leadership for Risk & Governance
Date: 6th September 2025
Time: 7:30 pm to 8:30 pm (GMT +6)
Online Zoom event

Panel speakers:
Nazrul Islam Chowdhury FCS, Corporate Governance Specialist & Fellow Member, ICSB
Mostafa Monira Firdouse, CEO, Carbon Valuation Services Limited
Shahnaz Sultana, CEO, FINSalliance Risk Advisory & Consultancy
Sabnam Mostari, CEO, D Leader (Dignify Your Leadership), PCC

To join us, please register yourself
Link:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfcf_KZnxT1944tng7OmNRrJf6hB4QJhTmZgPIe0e7pjwlKXQ/viewform?usp=sharing&ouid=117126234225788654566

To get more information, please check the event details, and please contact us if you have any further inquiries.

📌ROI vs ROE vs ROA: What They Really Mean and Why They Matter?

In the world of finance and business performance, metrics like ROI, ROE, and ROA are often used to measure success.

Unfortunately, they’re also often used interchangeably which can lead to serious misinterpretations. While they might sound similar, each of these metrics answers a different question, focuses on different aspects of business performance, and serves a unique decision-making purpose.

Here is a clear breakdown of what each term means, how they differ, and why understanding them properly can lead to better decisions and outcomes.

➡️1. ROI – Return on Investment
What it is:
ROI measures the efficiency of a specific investment. It shows how much profit was made relative to the amount invested. It's a common metric used across departments from marketing to technology to assess campaign effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and project performance.

Formula:
ROI = (Net Profit / Investment Cost) × 100

When to use:
Use ROI when you need to track the success of a specific initiative such as an ad campaign, product launch, or new software implementation.

If ROI is increasing:
It means your investments are becoming more profitable. You're getting more output or returns per dollar invested, which indicates better resource allocation.

Example:
If a company spends \$10,000 on a digital marketing campaign and generates \$15,000 in profit from it, ROI = (15,000 - 10,000) / 10,000 × 100 = 50%.

Common misunderstanding:
ROI doesn’t consider time value of money, risk, or long-term gains. It’s a snapshot, not a strategic forecast.

➡️2. ROE – Return on Equity
What it is:
ROE measures how effectively a company is using shareholders’ equity to generate profits. It reflects the return shareholders are earning on their invested capital.

Formula:
ROE = (Net Income / Shareholders’ Equity) × 100

When to use:
ROE is used to assess a company's profitability from the investors’ perspective, especially when comparing companies in the same industry.

If ROE is increasing:
It means the company is generating more profit from the same amount of shareholder equity, which signals strong financial performance and management effectiveness.

Example:
A company earns \$2 million in net income with \$10 million in shareholder equity. ROE = (2,000,000 / 10,000,000) × 100 = 20%.

Common misunderstanding:
A high ROE isn’t always good—it can be inflated by high levels of debt. ROE doesn’t reflect how much risk the company is taking to earn that return.

➡️3. ROA – Return on Assets
What it is:
ROA measures how efficiently a company is using its total assets to generate profit. It reflects how well a company converts what it owns into earnings.

Formula:
ROA = (Net Income / Total Assets) × 100

When to use:
ROA is useful when analyzing companies in asset-heavy industries like manufacturing or telecom. It helps compare how efficiently different companies manage their resources.

If ROA is increasing:
It means the company is using its assets more efficiently to generate profit, which is a positive sign for operational performance.

Example:
A company has \$1.5 million in net income and \$15 million in total assets. ROA = (1,500,000 / 15,000,000) × 100 = 10%.

Common misunderstanding:
ROA can be distorted by asset depreciation or inflation. Older companies with depreciated assets may show artificially high ROA compared to newer firms.

Key Differences:

* ROI focuses on the success of individual investments or projects.
* ROE focuses on shareholder returns and is relevant to equity investors.
* ROA focuses on how well a company utilizes all of its resources, including debt-financed assets.

Why it matters:
Each metric answers a different question:

* ROI: Was this specific investment worth it?
* ROE: Are we rewarding our shareholders effectively?
* ROA: Are we using all our resources wisely?

✅In short:

* ROI is about tracking performance of projects and tools.
* ROE is about financial returns to shareholders.
* ROA is about operational efficiency.

They may seem alike, but they tell very different stories. Measuring the wrong one or using them interchangeably can lead to flawed strategies and poor decisions.

What you measure shapes how you lead. What you track decides what you miss.

Better clarity. Better numbers. Better decisions.

If you're leading a team or making strategic calls, make sure you’re looking at the right metric at the right time.

🇧🇩 বাংলা অনুবাদ

অবশ্যই। নিচে ROI, ROE এবং ROA নিয়ে একটি বিস্তারিত ও পেশাদার Facebook পোস্টের বাংলা অনুবাদ দেওয়া হলো, যা আপনি আপনার ব্যবসায়িক বা শিক্ষামূলক প্ল্যাটফর্মে ব্যবহার করতে পারেন।

ROI, ROE এবং ROA – সফলতার সূচক, কিন্তু এক নয়

অনেক সময় আমরা ব্যবসার পারফরমেন্স মাপতে ROI (Return on Investment), ROE (Return on Equity), এবং ROA (Return on Assets) এই তিনটি শব্দ একসাথে ব্যবহার করি। অথচ, এই তিনটি একে অপরের বিকল্প নয়। বরং, প্রতিটি একেকটি ভিন্ন প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয় এবং একেকটি ভিন্ন ব্যবসায়িক চিত্র তুলে ধরে।

এই সূচকগুলোর সঠিক ব্যাখ্যা জানলে আমরা আরও ভালো সিদ্ধান্ত নিতে পারি এবং ভুল ব্যাখ্যার ঝুঁকি কমে যায়।

চলুন, প্রতিটি সূচককে আলাদা করে বুঝে নিই:

১. ROI (Return on Investment)
কি বোঝায়:
ROI একটি নির্দিষ্ট বিনিয়োগ কতটা লাভজনক হয়েছে তা পরিমাপ করে। এটি সাধারণত কোনো প্রজেক্ট, মার্কেটিং ক্যাম্পেইন, অথবা টুল ব্যবহারের ফলাফল যাচাইয়ে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

সূত্র:
ROI = (নেট লাভ / বিনিয়োগের পরিমাণ) × ১০০

কখন ব্যবহার করবেন:
যখন আপনি একটি নির্দিষ্ট ক্যাম্পেইন বা প্রজেক্ট কতটা সফল হয়েছে তা জানতে চান।

**যদি ROI বাড়ে:**
তবে বোঝায়, আপনি আগের চেয়ে কম খরচে বেশি লাভ করছেন। এটি উন্নত বিনিয়োগ সিদ্ধান্ত এবং ভালো ব্যবস্থাপনার ইঙ্গিত দেয়।

উদাহরণ:
একটি প্রতিষ্ঠান ১০,০০০ টাকা খরচ করে একটি ডিজিটাল ক্যাম্পেইন চালায় এবং ১৫,০০০ টাকা লাভ করে। তাহলে ROI = (১৫,০০০ - ১০,০০০) / ১০,০০০ × ১০০ = ৫০%

ROI ভবিষ্যতের ঝুঁকি বা সময়ের মূল্য বিবেচনা করে না।

২. ROE (Return on Equity)
কি বোঝায়:
ROE দেখায় শেয়ারহোল্ডারদের বিনিয়োগ থেকে কোম্পানি কতটা লাভ তুলতে পারছে। এটি মূলত কোম্পানির লভ্যাংশ-সক্ষমতার একটি সূচক।

সূত্র:
ROE = (নেট ইনকাম / শেয়ারহোল্ডারদের ইকুইটি) × ১০০

কখন ব্যবহার করবেন:
যখন একই শিল্পের বিভিন্ন কোম্পানির লাভজনকতা তুলনা করতে চান।

যদি ROE বাড়ে:
তবে এটি ইঙ্গিত করে কোম্পানি তার শেয়ারহোল্ডারদের অর্থ দিয়ে আরও কার্যকরভাবে লাভ অর্জন করছে।

উদাহরণ:
একটি কোম্পানির ২০ লাখ টাকা লাভ এবং শেয়ারহোল্ডারদের ইকুইটি ১ কোটি টাকা হলে, ROE = (২০,০০,০০০ / ১,০০,০০,০০০) × ১০০ = ২০%

ভুল বোঝাবুঝি:
ROE অনেক সময় ঋণ বাড়িয়ে কৃত্রিমভাবে বাড়ানো যেতে পারে, তাই শুধুমাত্র ROE দেখেই সিদ্ধান্ত নেয়া উচিত নয়।

৩. ROA (Return on Assets) কি বোঝায়:

ROA দেখায় কোম্পানি তার মোট সম্পদ ব্যবহার করে কতটা লাভ তৈরি করছে। এটি কোম্পানির সম্পদ ব্যবস্থাপনার দক্ষতা বোঝায়।

সূত্র:
ROA = (নেট ইনকাম / মোট সম্পদ) × ১০০

কখন ব্যবহার করবেন:
যখন আপনি সম্পদ-নির্ভর কোম্পানি (যেমন ম্যানুফ্যাকচারিং, ব্যাংকিং) বিশ্লেষণ করছেন।

যদি ROA বাড়ে:
তবে এটি দেখায় কোম্পানি তার সম্পদ বেশি দক্ষভাবে ব্যবহার করে লাভ অর্জন করছে।

উদাহরণ:
একটি কোম্পানির ১৫ লাখ টাকা লাভ এবং মোট সম্পদ ১.৫ কোটি টাকা হলে, ROA = (১৫,০০,০০০ / ১,৫০,০০,০০০) × ১০০ = ১০%

সম্পদের মূল্যায়ন কমে গেলে ROA অনেক সময় বেশি দেখাতে পারে, বিশেষ করে পুরনো প্রতিষ্ঠানে।

সংক্ষেপে পার্থক্য:

* ROI পরিমাপ করে একটি নির্দিষ্ট বিনিয়োগ কতটা সফল।
* ROE পরিমাপ করে শেয়ারহোল্ডারদের দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে কোম্পানির লাভ।
* ROA পরিমাপ করে কোম্পানির সম্পদ ব্যবহার করে লাভ তৈরির দক্ষতা।

যে প্রশ্নগুলোর উত্তর তারা দেয়:

* ROI: এই নির্দিষ্ট বিনিয়োগটি কতটা কার্যকর?
* ROE: শেয়ারহোল্ডারদের জন্য কতটা রিটার্ন তৈরি হলো?
* ROA: কোম্পানি তার সম্পদ কতটা কার্যকরভাবে ব্যবহার করছে?

এই তিনটি সূচক আমাদের শিখায় কী পরিমাপ করলে কী শিখব। ভুল সূচক বেছে নিলে ভুল সিদ্ধান্ত হবে।
যা মাপবেন, সেই অনুযায়ীই নেতৃত্ব দেবেন।

সঠিক তথ্য = সঠিক সিদ্ধান্ত = টেকসই সাফল্য।

আপনি যদি নেতৃত্বে থাকেন বা আর্থিক সিদ্ধান্ত গ্রহণ করেন, তাহলে এখনই সময় সঠিক সূচক বুঝে কাজে লাগানোর।



Shahnaz Sultana
FINSalliance
www.FinsAlliance.org

WE Global Women Community
WE Global Women Foundation

At FINSalliance Risk Advisory, we work closely with banks, financial institutions, and corporates to:

✅ Build and refine credit risk assessment frameworks.
✅ Strengthen institutional risk governance.
✅ Coach teams in credit analysis, portfolio monitoring, and policy development.
✅ Support clients through regulatory alignment and risk reviews.

We believe that strong institutions grow from sound practices rooted in both expertise and leadership.

Credit Risk is a vast and technical area and while ratios alone do not tell the whole story, they are an integral part of understanding a borrower’s financial health.

Just like soft skills are essential for influence and leadership, technical skills like credit risk analysis equip you with clarity and confidence in high-stakes decisions.

📌Understanding Credit Risk: The Power of Ratios and Where to Find Them

Credit risk is a broad and nuanced discipline. These ratios offer valuable indicators, but must be considered alongside qualitative assessments, business strategy, governance standards, and macroeconomic context.

So, what is Credit Risk?

It’s the risk of financial loss when a borrower fails to meet debt obligations whether it's a loan, bond, or trade credit.

Understanding credit risk enables professionals to lend wisely, invest strategically, and build resilient institutions.

Who should care about Credit Risk?

* Bankers, credit analysts, and underwriters
* Investors, CFOs, and treasury teams
* Entrepreneurs seeking financing
* Regulators and credit rating professionals

Now, let us dive into the core credit risk ratios, how they help and exactly where to find them in financial statements:

1. Liquidity Ratios

Can the borrower meet short-term obligations?

Current Ratio= Current Assets / Current Liabilities

Found in: Balance Sheet

Current Assets → Asset side (cash, receivables, inventory)

Current Liabilities → Liability side (payables, short-term debt)

Quick Ratio = (Current Assets − Inventory) / Current Liabilities

Found in: Balance Sheet

Excludes inventory for a stricter liquidity measure

2. Profitability & Cost Efficiency Ratios

Is the borrower earning enough to cover obligations and costs?

Interest Coverage Ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense

Found in: Income Statement

Cost-to-Revenue Ratio = Operating Expenses / Operating Income

Found in: Income Statement

Tells how many dollars are spent to earn one dollar of income

Cash Flow-to-Debt Ratio = Operating Cash Flow / Total Debt

Found in:

* Operating Cash Flow → Cash Flow Statement
* Total Debt → Balance Sheet (Liabilities)

3. Capital and Leverage Ratios
How stable is the capital structure?

Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Shareholder’s Equity
Found in: Balance Sheet

Equity Ratio = Equity / Total Assets
Found in: Balance Sheet

Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) = Net Operating Income / Total Debt Service
Net Operating Income → Income Statement
Debt Service → Loan agreements or Cash Flow Statement

4. Efficiency Ratios
How well are resources used to generate revenue?

Efficiency Ratio = Operating Expenses / Operating Revenue
Found in: Income Statement
Especially useful in financial services

Asset Turnover Ratio = Revenue / Total Assets
Revenue → Income Statement
Assets → Balance Sheet

5. Asset Quality Ratios
How risky are the borrower’s assets?

Non-Performing Loan (NPL) Ratio = NPLs / Total Loans
Found in: Notes to Financial Statements or Regulatory Disclosures

Loan Loss Provision Ratio = Loan Loss Reserves / Gross Loans
Found in: Balance Sheet + Notes

6. Regulatory Ratios (Primarily for Banks and NBFIs)

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) = Capital / Risk-Weighted Assets
Found in: Regulatory Reports
Critical for Basel compliance

Loan-to-Value (LTV) = Loan Amount / Collateral Value
Found in: Loan Agreements or Mortgage Documents

Final Thought:

These ratios are not one-size-fits-all. Their importance varies depending on industry, borrower type, and context. But when applied with judgment, they help:

* Assess borrower strength
* Reduce risk exposure
* Enable confident, informed decisions

Let us continue building knowledge that empowers responsible, resilient growth.
Shahnaz Sultana

Sharing links to the recording of our Webinar EU Regulation and RMG sector held on May 1st.

🙏Thanks to all the participants for making it a successful event.

✨✨Video Highlights
👉🔗🔗Part 1: European Regulation on Deforestation. EU Green deal. https://youtu.be/VrLu6ggPlhg

👉🔗🔗Part 2: New Circular Economy Plan, Sustainable Product Initiatives, Eco design for sustainable product regulations. https://youtu.be/fyssbldy4ic

👉🔗🔗Part 3: The green deal initiatives, Corporate Sustainability due diligence directives, Taskforce climate-related financial disclosure, Mandatory ESG Reporting-APAC https://youtu.be/PWCWdWfdAnQ

👉🔗🔗Part 4: What will (readymade garments) RMG need to do? https://youtu.be/0g-qBZXz0j0

👉🔗🔗Part 5:Green Finance Solutions, How can FIs play a role, Potential for concessional funding. https://youtu.be/UWzHiArDBH4

Shahnaz Sultana

Webinar on EU Regulation and BD RMG Part 1